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2026
Frick, Natalie Mims, Peter Cappers, Goksin Kavlak, Long Lam, Ryan Hledik, Jadon Grove, and Sebastian Rotella."Electricity Rate Designs for Large Loads: Evolving Practices and Opportunities 2026 Update."
(2026).
Frick, Natalie Mims, and Vinita Srinivasan."2026 Large Load Literature Review and Data Sources."
(2026).
Kahrl, Fredrich, and Natalie Mims Frick."Speed to Power: Solutions for Accelerating Large Load Connections."
(2026).
Smith, Sarah Josephine, Alex Hubbard, Alexander Newkirk, Mohan Ganeshalingam, Billie Holecek, Dale A Sartor, Michael Mills, and Arman Shehabi."United States Data Center Energy Usage Report: 2025 Update."
(2026).
Breunig, Hanna."Recent developments in primary copper supply in the United States."Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain
(2026) 100343. DOI
Kurtz, Jennifer, Jibran Zuberi, Luke Wierl, and Steve Hammond." Avoiding Waste Heat through AI Infrastructure Thermal Integration."National Academy of Engineering
56.1 (2026).
Grahovac, Milica, Sarah Josephine Smith, Alexander Newkirk, Evan Neill, Zheng He, and Vlada Dementyeva."Shape Maker: Data Center and Industrial Electrical Load Shape Generator."
(2026). DOI
2025
Satchwell, Andrew, Natalie Mims Frick, Peter Cappers, Sanem Sergici, Ryan Hledik, Goksin Kavlak, and Glenda Oskar."Electricity Rate Designs for Large Loads: Evolving Practices and Opportunities."
(2025).
Long, Angela, Ryan Long, and Natalie Mims Frick."Virtual Power Plants: Insights, Profiles and Inventory."
(2025).
Kirchstetter, Thomas W, Sarah Josephine Smith, Arman Shehabi, and Dale A Sartor."DOE Data Center Load Flexibility Workshop Summary."
(2025).
2024
Shehabi, Arman, Sarah Josephine Smith, Alex Hubbard, Alexander Newkirk, Nuoa Lei, Md AbuBakar Siddik, Billie Holecek, Jonathan G Koomey, Eric R Masanet, and Dale A Sartor."2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report."
(2024). DOI
2023
Grahovac, Milica, Paul Ehrlich, Jianjun Hu, and Michael Wetter."Model-based data center cooling controls comparative co-design."Science and Technology for the Built Environment
(2023). DOI
Sartor, Dale A, Bo Shen, and Arman Shehabi."Repurposing coal assets for a decarbonized digital economy."
(2023).
2022
Grahovac, Milica, Paul Ehrlich, Jianjun Hu, and Michael Wetter."Data Center Chiller Plant: Simulation-based Comparative Control Design Case Study."Proceedings of the 2022 Building Performance Analysis Conference and SimBuild
10 (2022). DOI
Agarwal, Shreya, and Douglas R Black."Optimal sizing of microgrid DERs for specialized critical load resilience."2022 IEEE Green Energy and Smart Systems Conference (IGESSC)2022 IEEE Green Energy and Smart System Systems (IGESSC)
(2022). DOI
2021
Meese, Aidan Francis, David J Kim, Xuanhao Wu, Linh Le, Cade Napier, Mark T Hernandez, Nicollette Laroco, Karl G Linden, Jordan Cox, Parthiv Kurup, James McCall, David L Greene, Michael Talmadge, Zhe Huang, Jordan Macknick, Kurban A Sitterley, Ariel Miara, Anna Evans, Kiran Thirumaran, Mini Malhotra, Susana Garcia Gonzalez, Prakash Rao, Jennifer Stokes-Draut, and Jae-Hong Kim."Opportunities and Challenges for Industrial Water Treatment and Reuse."ACS ES&T Engineering
(2021). DOI
Siddik, Md AbuBakar, Arman Shehabi, and Landon Marston."The environmental footprint of data centers in the United States."Environmental Research Letters
16 (2021). DOI
2020
Masanet, Eric R, Arman Shehabi, Nuoa Lei, Sarah Josephine Smith, and Jonathan G Koomey."Recalibrating global data center energy-use estimates."Science
367.6481 (2020) 984 - 986. DOI
2019
Fuchs, Heidi, Arman Shehabi, Mohan Ganeshalingam, Louis-Benoit Desroches, Brian Lim, Kurt Roth, and Allen Tsao."Comparing datasets of volume servers to illuminate their energy use in data centers."Energy Efficiency
13 (2019) 379-392. DOI
2018
Shehabi, Arman, Sarah Josephine Smith, Eric R Masanet, and Jonathan G Koomey."Data center growth in the United States: decoupling the demand for services from electricity use."Environmental Research Letters
13.12 (2018) 124030. DOI
2017
Ganeshalingam, Mohan, Arman Shehabi, and Louis-Benoit Desroches."Shining a Light on Small Data Centers in the U.S.."
(2017).
Vossos, Vagelis, Karl Johnson, Margarita Kloss, Mukesh Khattar, Daniel L Gerber, and Richard E Brown."Review of DC Power Distribution in Buildings: A Technology and Market Assessment."
(2017). DOI
2016
Shehabi, Arman, Sarah Josephine Smith, Dale A Sartor, Richard E Brown, Magnus Herrlin, Jonathan G Koomey, Eric R Masanet, Nathaniel Horner, Inês Lima Azevedo, and William Lintner."United States Data Center Energy Usage Report."
(2016).
2014
Hong, Tianzhen, Le Yang, David Hill, and Wei Feng."Data and Analytics to Inform Energy Retrofit of High Performance Buildings."Applied Energy
126 (2014) 90-106. DOI