Publications: Data Centers
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2026
Smith, Sarah Josephine, Alex Hubbard, Alexander Newkirk, Mohan Ganeshalingam, Billie Holecek, Dale A Sartor, Michael Mills, and Arman Shehabi."United States Data Center Energy Usage Report: 2025 Update."
(2026).
Breunig, Hanna."Recent developments in primary copper supply in the United States."Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain
(2026) 100343. DOI
Kurtz, Jennifer, Jibran Zuberi, Luke Wierl, and Steve Hammond." Avoiding Waste Heat through AI Infrastructure Thermal Integration."National Academy of Engineering
56.1 (2026).
2025
Lei, Nuoa, Jun Lu, Arman Shehabi, and Eric R Masanet."The water use of data center workloads: A review and assessment of key determinants."Resources, Conservation and Recycling
219 (2025) 108310. DOI
2024
Shehabi, Arman, Sarah Josephine Smith, Alex Hubbard, Alexander Newkirk, Nuoa Lei, Md AbuBakar Siddik, Billie Holecek, Jonathan G Koomey, Eric R Masanet, and Dale A Sartor."2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report."
(2024). DOI
2023
Sartor, Dale A, Bo Shen, and Arman Shehabi."Repurposing coal assets for a decarbonized digital economy."
(2023).
2021
Meese, Aidan Francis, David J Kim, Xuanhao Wu, Linh Le, Cade Napier, Mark T Hernandez, Nicollette Laroco, Karl G Linden, Jordan Cox, Parthiv Kurup, James McCall, David L Greene, Michael Talmadge, Zhe Huang, Jordan Macknick, Kurban A Sitterley, Ariel Miara, Anna Evans, Kiran Thirumaran, Mini Malhotra, Susana Garcia Gonzalez, Prakash Rao, Jennifer Stokes-Draut, and Jae-Hong Kim."Opportunities and Challenges for Industrial Water Treatment and Reuse."ACS ES&T Engineering
(2021). DOI
Siddik, Md AbuBakar, Arman Shehabi, and Landon Marston."The environmental footprint of data centers in the United States."Environmental Research Letters
16 (2021). DOI
2020
Masanet, Eric R, Arman Shehabi, Nuoa Lei, Sarah Josephine Smith, and Jonathan G Koomey."Recalibrating global data center energy-use estimates."Science
367.6481 (2020) 984 - 986. DOI
2019
Fuchs, Heidi, Arman Shehabi, Mohan Ganeshalingam, Louis-Benoit Desroches, Brian Lim, Kurt Roth, and Allen Tsao."Comparing datasets of volume servers to illuminate their energy use in data centers."Energy Efficiency
13 (2019) 379-392. DOI
2018
Shehabi, Arman, Sarah Josephine Smith, Eric R Masanet, and Jonathan G Koomey."Data center growth in the United States: decoupling the demand for services from electricity use."Environmental Research Letters
13.12 (2018) 124030. DOI
2017
Ganeshalingam, Mohan, Arman Shehabi, and Louis-Benoit Desroches."Shining a Light on Small Data Centers in the U.S.."
(2017).
2016
Shehabi, Arman, Sarah Josephine Smith, Dale A Sartor, Richard E Brown, Magnus Herrlin, Jonathan G Koomey, Eric R Masanet, Nathaniel Horner, Inês Lima Azevedo, and William Lintner."United States Data Center Energy Usage Report."
(2016).
2014
Shehabi, Arman, Benjamin Walker, and Eric R Masanet."Energy and Greenhouse Implications of Internet Video Streaming in the United States."Environmental Research Letters
9.5 (2014). DOI
2013
Masanet, Eric R, Jiaqi Liang, XiaoHui Ma, Benjamin Walker, Arman Shehabi, Lavanya Ramakrishnan, Valerie Hendrix, and Pradeep Mantha."The Energy Efficiency Potential of Cloud-Based Software: A U.S. Case Study."
(2013).
2011
Masanet, Eric R, Richard E Brown, Arman Shehabi, Jonathan G Koomey, and Bruce Nordman."Estimating the Energy Use and Efficiency Potential of U.S. Data Centers."
(2011).
2010
Shehabi, Arman, Eric R Masanet, Hillary Price, Arpad Horvath, and William W Nazaroff."Data center design and location: Consequences for electricity use and greenhouse-gas emissions."Building and Environment
46.5 (2010) 990–998. DOI
Shehabi, Arman, Srirupa Ganguly, Lara A Gundel, Arpad Horvath, Thomas W Kirchstetter, Melissa M Lunden, William F Tschudi, Ashok J Gadgil, and William W Nazaroff."Can combining economizers with improved filtration save energy and protect equipment in data centers?."Building and Environment
45.3 (2010) 718-726. DOI
2009
Shehabi, Arman, William W Nazaroff, Arpad Horvath, Ashok J Gadgil, and Edward A Arens."Energy Demands and Efficiency Strategies in Data Center Buildings."Civil and Environmental Engineering
(2009) 275.
2008
Shehabi, Arman, Arpad Horvath, William F Tschudi, Ashok J Gadgil, and William W Nazaroff."Particle Concentrations in Data Centers."Atmospheric Environment
42.24 (2008) 5978 - 5990. DOI
Brown, Richard E, Eric R Masanet, Bruce Nordman, William F Tschudi, Arman Shehabi, John Stanley, Jonathan G Koomey, Dale A Sartor, and Peter T Chan."Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency: Public Law 109-431."
(2008).
Shehabi, Arman, Srirupa Ganguly, Kim Traber, Hillary Price, Arpad Horvath, William W Nazaroff, and Ashok J Gadgil."Energy Implications of Economizer Use in California Data Centers."
(2008).